FAITH · MIGRATION · REGION · PLURALISM

多元信仰

Religious diversity

规模较小不等于文化影响较小;移民、地区、族裔和家庭记忆让美国信仰版图远比“基督徒或无宗教”复杂。

Smaller population shares do not mean smaller cultural influence; migration, region, ethnicity, and family memory complicate the landscape.

01 · JEWISH

犹太传统

Jewish traditions

犹太身份可以同时是宗教、族裔、家庭与文化身份,内部包括正统派、保守派、改革派、世俗犹太人等。安息日、逾越节、赎罪日和光明节的重要性不同;把光明节称为“犹太版圣诞节”会抹去它自己的历史。

Jewish identity may be religious, ethnic, familial, and cultural. Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, secular, and other lives differ; Hanukkah is not simply a Jewish Christmas.

02 · MUSLIM

穆斯林社群

Muslim communities

美国穆斯林包含黑人穆斯林的本土历史,也包含来自中东、南亚、非洲、东南亚及其他地区的移民与后代。斋月改变饮食与社交时间,开斋节是重要节点;阿拉伯裔与穆斯林并不是同义词。

U.S. Muslim life includes longstanding Black Muslim histories and immigrants and descendants from the Middle East, South Asia, Africa, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere. Arab and Muslim are not synonyms.

03 · ASIAN FAITHS

亚洲信仰

Asian faiths

印度教、佛教、锡克教、耆那教及其他传统随不同移民历史建立寺庙、家庭仪式、节庆与社区组织。排灯节的公共能见度正在上升,但各宗教之间、同一宗教的不同地区传统之间都不能互换。

Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, Jain, and other traditions built temples, household practices, festivals, and organizations through distinct migrations. Diwali’s visibility is rising, but these religions are not interchangeable.

04 · PLACE

地方传统

Place-based traditions

后期圣徒传统在犹他州及山地西部有特殊地域历史;原住民宗教则属于不同民族、土地和主权传统,不能被合并成泛化的“自然灵性”。宗教自由也包含少数宗教实践、无宗教者和不参与节日的权利。

Latter-day Saint history is regionally important in Utah and the Mountain West. Indigenous religions belong to distinct nations, lands, and sovereignties, not a generic nature spirituality.

来源

Sources

Pew Research Center · Religious Landscape Study ↗Library of Congress · Religion and American life ↗